Table 1 Bioactivities of biomaterials with specific physical property

HUVECs

β-TCP

Multiple channels

Directing migration

[6]

HDFs

PHBV

Electro-spun meshes

Decreasing differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts

[7]

Bovine ECs

PDMS

Micropattern microgroove

Enhancing ECs alignment

[47]

Rat astrocytes

PA

Stiffness; 1.26–48 kPa

Increasing YAP nuclear localization

[57]

MECs

Acrylamide

Stiffness; 0.7–40 kPa

Increasing YAP/TAZ activity

[78]

hES-MP

Poly-HIPE

Porosity

Enhanced adhesion

[83]

hMSCs

PLLA, PS

Nanopatterned surface

Increased focal adhesions

[84]

Mouse MSCs

PDMS

Micropatterned surface

Orderly, quicker, and greater FAs formation

[85]

hFOB

PLLA

Nanoscale pit textures; 14–45 nm deep pits

Different focal adhesions

[86]

Osteoblast

HA

Nanoscale; 10–100 nm

DNA methylation

[87]

hESCs

NSq50 substrate

Nanopit, nanotube

DNA methylation; mesenchymal differentiation

[88]

Cardiac progenitors

Silicon wafers

Microgrooves;10 µm wide, 3 µm deep

Histone H3 acetylation

[89]

Platelet

PA gels

Stiffness; 50–100 kPa

Increasing activation of platelet

[90]

HUVECs

PDMS and PDL

Stiffness; 2.6 Pa and 5 kPa

Supporting migration

[91]

HDFs

C/P/ZnO films

Porosity

Supporting migration

[92]

HUVECs

SiO₂

Porosity

Supporting migration

[93]

Human LECs

PLLA films

Aligned electro-spun fibers

Tissue ingrowth

[94]

Sciatic neuron

CAB

Nano-grooved fibers

Instructing the size of myelin sheaths and axons

[95]

Macrophages

PA gels

Stiffness; 280 kPa–70 GPa

Supporting migration

[96]

Macrophages

Collagen I and GAGs

Stiffness; (118.5 ± 34) Pa

Instructing polarization

[97]

Mouse MSCs

Alg-Gel blends

Stiffness; 47.5–352.5 kPa

Increasing the differentiation of MSCs to SGCs

[98]

Chondrocytes

GelMA

Stiffness; 3.8, 17.1, and 29.9 kPa

Maintaining chondrogenic phenotype

[99]

HUVECs

GelMA

Elastic modulus of 3.3–110 kPa

Supporting migration

[100]

Schwann cells

PCL

Anisotropic topographies

Nerve growth

[101]